lazykoblog   occasional musings about knowledge organization

ISKO 17 (2022) was held in Aalborg, Denmark from 6-8 July 2022. It was the second conference planned for Aalborg, and indeed, ISKO 16 was centered there but became a virtual conference because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference was titled Knowledge Organization across Disciplines, Domains, Services & Technologies and the proceedings were published by Ergon Verlag (ISKO 2022). Like earlier analyses in the “ISKO’s Bookshelf” series, the proceedings have not been indexed by either Clarivate of Scopus so the work reported here is the result of manual data-gathering. Also, like earlier volumes of ISKO proceedings, the editing is not uniform, particularly with regard to the references, which makes sorting difficult.

The proceedings contain 24 full papers, six short papers and three posters—33 contributions and therefore much less than has been typical of ISKO international conferences. We can assume this is another artifact of the pandemic, which was just beginning to ease in the summer of 2022. Only nine presentations are by a single author; all the rest are collaborative, which is a new sign of the hardening of the science of knowledge organization. Table 6 shows the countries of affiliation of the authors.

Table 6. ISKO 17 countries of affiliation of authors.

Brazil, USA and Canada predominate, and this is consistent with the series of proceedings analyzed above.

The number of references per presentation ranges from 1 to 47 with a mean of 23.75, a median of 22 and a mode of 21. This is quite different from all earlier ISKO conferences, suggesting perhaps a more humanistic bent to the conference, in opposition to the co-authorship data. Date of work cited ranged from 1548 to 2022. The mean age of work cited is 19.5 years (median 10, mode 5). This is the highest mean age of cited work (a humanistic trait) and the lowest mode (a hard science trait) (see Table 1 above).

As it pertains to “citation image,” there were 88 authors cited more than once; the top of the tier is shown in Table 7.

Table 7. ISKO 17 authors most cited.

As usual, Hjørland is cited the most. Beghtol and Smiraglia are among the usual suspects from before, and we can see that Szostak (see Table 5 above) has been moving up the list for several conferences. The other names are new to the list of most cited. So this tells us two things: first, that no matter how many scholars advance the science KO authors cannot make themselves stop citing the now very outdated work of Hjørland, and second, that the citation “image” of ISKO has changed significantly in 2022 to include a very many new scholars.

ISKO 17 is the smallest ISKO international conference with only 33 contributions. Brazil, the USA and Canada predominate among countries of author affiliation. The majority are collaborative, which points to empirical science. But, the number of references is quite large and they are quite older than typical, pointing to humanistic epistemologies. The citation image continues to be dominated by Hjørland, but there are several new names as well, indicating a shift in citation image in ISKO 17.

*Excerpted from: Smiraglia. Richard P. 2022. “ISKO’s Bookshelf 2022: Mysteries of a Pandemic, Part 1.” IKOS Bulletin 4, no.2: 54-64.

ISKO 17 (2022) was held in Aalborg, Denmark from 6-8 July 2022. It was the second conference planned for Aalborg, and indeed, ISKO 16 was centered there but became a virtual conference because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference was titled Knowledge Organization across Disciplines, Domains, Services & Technologies and the proceedings were published by Ergon Verlag (ISKO 2022). Like earlier analyses in the “ISKO’s Bookshelf” series, the proceedings have not been indexed by either Clarivate of Scopus so the work reported here is the result of manual data-gathering. Also, like earlier volumes of ISKO proceedings, the editing is not uniform, particularly with regard to the references, which makes sorting difficult. An excel file with the basic citation data is attached to this report.

The proceedings contain 24 full papers, six short papers and three posters—33 contributions and therefore much less than has been typical of ISKO international conferences. We can assume this is another artifact of the pandemic, which was just beginning to ease in the summer of 2022. Only nine presentations are by a single author; all the rest are collaborative, which is a new sign of the hardening of the science of knowledge organization. Table 6 shows the countries of affiliation of the authors.

Table 6. ISKO 17 countries of affiliation of authors.

Brazil, USA and Canada predominate, and this is consistent with the series of proceedings analyzed above.

The number of references per presentation ranges from 1 to 47 with a mean of 23.75, a median of 22 and a mode of 21. This is quite different from all earlier ISKO conferences, suggesting perhaps a more humanistic bent to the conference, in opposition to the co-authorship data. Date of work cited ranged from 1548 to 2022. The mean age of work cited is 19.5 years (median 10, mode 5). This is the highest mean age of cited work (a humanistic trait) and the lowest mode (a hard science trait) (see Table 1 above).

As it pertains to “citation image,” there were 88 authors cited more than once; the top of the tier is shown in Table 7.

Table 7. ISKO 17 authors most cited.

As usual, Hjørland is cited the most. Beghtol and Smiraglia are among the usual suspects from before, and we can see that Szostak (see Table 5 above) has been moving up the list for several conferences. The other names are new to the list of most cited. So this tells us two things: first, that no matter how many scholars advance the science KO authors cannot make themselves stop citing the now very outdated work of Hjørland, and second, that the citation “image” of ISKO has changed significantly in 2022 to include a very many new scholars.

*Excerpted from: Smiraglia. Richard P. 2022. “ISKO’s Bookshelf 2022: Mysteries of a Pandemic, Part 1.” IKOS Bulletin 4, no.2: 54-64.

On 14 March, on the American television show 60 Minutes there was a story about COVID-19 mutants. Now, scientists understand mutations, so there was nothing surprising, scientifically, in the story. But the shock for me came when the scientist showed the journalist a large visualization of the data about mutations of the virus. Okay, maybe the journalist was just a bit lead-handed about the question; but the answer was completely unsatisfying for a scientist of information who has spent decades helping to visualize science.

The point of the chart, of course, was the visualization—the ability to “see” the mutations as they arise and spread.

Today the leading scientists of information with regard to visualization are Katy Börner of Indiana University (see her atlases of science [2010] and knowledge [2015]) and my colleague Andrea Scharnhorst (DANS [Data Archiving and Networked Services, Royal Netherlands Academy of the Arts and Sciences]) (see for example her team’s visualization of the whole of Wikipedia [Salah et al. 2011] http://scimaps.org/mapdetail/design_vs_emergence__127 ). Most recently we have been working to map the knowledge organization structures that exist hidden within the LOD Cloud (our book Linking Knowledge will appear later this year).

KO experts have used visualization as a key tool both for data analysis (e.g., co-word analysis or author co-citation analysis or network analysis) and for expressing abstract ideas (e.g., ontological maps or reference models such as the CIDOC cultural heritage Conceptual Reference Model http://www.cidoc-crm.org/ or its sibling the IFLA Library Reference Model https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11412 ).

Like the 60 minutes example:

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-variants-infectious-strains-60-minutes-2021-03-14/

whose map shows both the proximity of variants to the viruses from which they mutated and the distance among the distinct variants and the rate of mutation over time; showing all on the same map helps scientists visualize both the particulars and the full picture.

CBS News made it impossible to grab a real visual from their video so you will have to look for yourself—and warning, you cannot even pause the video to look at the visualization—but here is what I was able to capture:

We can see striations of different color, and along them we can see nodes that represent instantiations of the virus; the striations apparently represent mutations. We can see how the lines thicken and grow together over time as the virus and its mutations gain ground (and efficacy at transmission). This simple capture shows the importance of visualization. The knowledge of the degrees of mutation and of transmissibility is useful, but the visualization makes it all the more clear what sort of battle lies ahead for epidemiology, which is the science of controlling pandemics.

Research in knowledge organization is replete with visualizations. From my own work I can recommend three examples:

“Universes, Dimensions, Domains, Intensions and Extensions: Knowledge Organization for the 21st Century.” In A. Neelameghan and K.S. Raghavan eds. Categories, Contexts, and Relations in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings of the Twelfth International ISKO Conference, 6-9 August 2012, Mysore, India. Advances in Knowledge Organization 13. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2012, 1-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287850076_Universes_dimensions_domains_intensions_and_extensions_Knowledge_organization_for_the_21st_century

“Prologomena to a New Order: A Domain-Analytical Review of the Influence of S.R. Ranganathan on Knowledge Organization.” In Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science, Bangalore Golden Jubliee. SRELS Journal of Information Management (2013): 709-19. http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/sjim/article/view/43812

Smiraglia, Richard P. 2018. “The Evolution of the Concept: A Case Study from American Documentation.” Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 42: 113-34. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/717390/pdf

Currently in IKOS (The Institute for Knowledge Organization and Structure, Inc. https://knoworg.org ) we are working on a study of home care nursing in the pandemic. To guide our research we continually analyze our data even as the data store grows, mirroring the work of the medical researchers in the 60 Minutes report above. For example, after a simple analysis of video transcripts of home care nurses being interviewed in the press we were able to return a visualization of frequently occurring themes.

This visualization helps us guide our further research by showing clear facets in the nurses’ experiences. We see especially the important core of PPE and the frequent mention of the “front lines” in the “home_care” facet. This gives us important clues to the emotional component of the profession of home care nursing at the moment. Stay tuned for publications from our work in the near future.

It is important that scientists of visualization in the KO community speak up and make their work known, preferably in popular venues, such as the Economist, so that the world will understand the role we play in solving the great riddles of science. KO is vital to science.

References

Börner, Katy. 2010. Atlas of Science: Visualizing What We Know. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

Börner, Katy. 2015. Atlas of Knowledge: Anyone Can Map. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

Salah, Alkim Almila Akdag, Cheng Gao, Andrea Scharnhorst, and Krzysztof Suchecki. 2011. Design vs. Emergence: Visualisation of Knowledge Orders. Courtesy of The Knowledge Space Lab, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Places & Spaces: Mapping Science VII.5 http://scimaps.org/mapdetail/design_vs_emergence__127

Smiraglia, Richard P. 2012. “Universes, Dimensions, Domains, Intensions and Extensions: Knowledge Organization for the 21st Century.” In Categories, Contexts, and Relations in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings of the Twelfth International ISKO Conference, 6-9 August 2012, Mysore, India, ed. A. Neelameghan and K.S. Raghavan. Advances in Knowledge Organization 13. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 1-7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287850076_Universes_dimensions_domains_intensions_and_extensions_Knowledge_organization_for_the_21st_century

Smiraglia, Richard P. 2013. “Prologomena to a New Order: A Domain-Analytical Review of the Influence of S.R. Ranganathan on Knowledge Organization.” In Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science, Bangalore Golden Jubliee. SRELS Journal of Information Management (2013): 709-19. http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/sjim/article/view/43812

Smiraglia, Richard P. 2018. “The Evolution of the Concept: A Case Study from American Documentation.” Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 42: 113-34. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/717390/pdf

Smiraglia, Richard P. and Andrea Scharnhorst, eds. 2021. Linking Knowledge: Linked Open Data for Knowledge Organization. Baden-Baden: Ergon Verlag. Forthcoming.

Introduction

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Story

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Conclusion

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Introduction

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Story

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Conclusion

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Introduction

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Story

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Conclusion

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Introduction

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Story

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Conclusion

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Introduction

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Waistcoat gluten-free cronut cred quinoa. Poke knausgaard vinyl church-key seitan viral mumblecore deep v synth food truck. Ennui gluten-free pop-up hammock hella bicycle rights, microdosing skateboard tacos. Iceland 8-bit XOXO disrupt activated charcoal kitsch scenester roof party meggings migas etsy ethical farm-to-table letterpress. Banjo wayfarers chartreuse taiyaki, stumptown prism 8-bit tote bag.

Story

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Conclusion

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Introduction

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Story

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Conclusion

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I wrote an article about concepts, and it was recently published after much ado of various sorts, so I want to bring it to the attention of anyone who might happen on this blog.

A good while back I was working on a collaborative project that involved a lot of conversation about concepts, and I said at one point something along the lines of how interesting it would be to see what early information science pioneers thought about concepts. I actually proceeded soon after that to acquire the entire run of American Documentation in digital form from the ASIST Digital Library, and I carried out various analytical procedures using what might today be called basic text mining. I gathered every instance of the stem “concept” and its relatives, and so on. The details are in the article of course.

Along the way I realized what I was looking at was more than just a community comprehension, but that there was a sort of background story as well. I tried using the analysis to lead me to clues about the discourse, and that’s where I found some exciting influences. No spoilers here–it’s in the article.

Here is the abstract:

Concepts are central elements of knowledge. This article reveals some of
the historical contours of the use of “the concept” in information by delving into
the evolution of the use of the term in American Documentation, the first formal
journal of information science in North America. Discourse in American Documentation
about “the concept” was critical to the development of machine searching to
have a concrete definition of a concept. Metaphors used to visualize the role of
concepts range from multidimensional arrays to lights shining in the darkness of
semantic space.

The article is “The Evolution of the Concept: A Case Study from American Documentation = L’évolution du concept : une étude de cas tirée de American Documentation.”
Not to worry it’s all in English. It appears in Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 42, nos. 1-2 (2018): 113-34.